1. What is Manual Testing?
Manual Testing is the process of testing software manually without using automation tools to find defects and ensure quality.
2. What is Software Testing?
Software Testing is the process of verifying and validating that a software application meets the specified requirements.
3. What is SDLC?
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is the process followed to develop software, from requirement analysis to maintenance.
4. What is STLC?
STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) defines different phases of testing such as requirement analysis, test planning, test case development, test execution, and closure.
5. Difference between Verification and Validation?
Verification: Are we building the product right? (Reviews, walkthroughs, inspections)
Validation: Are we building the right product? (Actual testing)
6. What is Test Case?
A Test Case is a set of conditions or steps used to verify a particular feature of an application.
7. What is Test Scenario?
A Test Scenario is a high-level idea of what needs to be tested.
8. What is Bug / Defect?
A bug is a flaw or error in software that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results.
9. Difference between Severity and Priority?
Severity: How serious the defect is.
Priority: How quickly the defect should be fixed.
10. What is Smoke Testing?
Smoke Testing checks whether the basic functionalities of the application are working or not.
11. What is Sanity Testing?
Sanity Testing is done to check whether a particular functionality is working after a bug fix.
12. What is Regression Testing?
Regression Testing ensures that new changes have not affected existing functionality.
13. What is Functional Testing?
Functional Testing verifies each function of the software according to requirements.
14. What is Non-Functional Testing?
Non-Functional Testing checks performance, usability, reliability, and security.
15. What is Black Box Testing?
Testing without knowing internal code structure.
16. What is White Box Testing?
Testing with knowledge of internal code and logic.
17. What is Boundary Value Analysis?
Testing the boundary values (minimum and maximum limits).
18. What is Equivalence Partitioning?
Dividing input data into valid and invalid partitions for testing.
19. What is Use Case Testing?
Testing based on user actions and flows.
20. What is UAT?
User Acceptance Testing is done by end users to verify business requirements.
21. What is Test Plan?
A Test Plan is a document that describes the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities.
22. What is Test Data?
Data used to execute test cases.
23. What is Bug Life Cycle?
New → Assigned → Open → Fixed → Retest → Closed
24. What is Exploratory Testing?
Testing without predefined test cases by exploring the application.
25. What is Retesting?
Retesting means checking the specific defect after it is fixed.
26. Difference between Retesting and Regression Testing?
Retesting checks fixed bugs. Regression testing checks side effects of fixes.
27. What is Alpha Testing?
Testing done by internal team before release.
28. What is Beta Testing?
Testing done by real users in real environment.
29. What is Test Environment?
Hardware and software setup where testing is performed.
30. What is Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)?
RTM ensures that all requirements are covered by test cases.